The general aim of this project is to develop novel scientific and technical capabilities providing both the dissemination of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), which is an important concept in both developed and emerging NMIs/DIs, and accurate low uncertainty temperature measurements by thermocouple, which is the most frequently used temperature sensing instrument. This objective will be achieved by developing novel practical methods and devices (such as dual-type thermometers and heater arrays) for checking thermocouple drift performance in-situ and easy-to-use integrated miniature cells to determine the inhomogeneity of thermocouples for primary and secondary calibration laboratories.